Bolivian Yungas

The Bolivian Yungas is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion located in the Neotropic biogeographic realm, covering Central and South America, the Caribbean, and southern portions of Mexico, spanning approximately 90,229 km². Classified under the WWF ecoregion code NT0105, this region represents a distinct ecological community shaped by its unique combination of climate, geography, and evolutionary history.

Climate and Vegetation

This ecoregion experiences warm year-round with high annual rainfall, typically exceeding 2,000 mm. The dominant vegetation consists of dense, multi-layered canopy of broadleaf evergreen trees. These conditions create the foundation for the ecological communities found within the Bolivian Yungas.

Ecological Significance

These forests are the most biodiverse terrestrial ecosystems on Earth, hosting an extraordinary density of plant and animal species per unit area. Epiphytes, lianas, and a rich understorey characterise the complex vertical structure. The Bolivian Yungas contributes to the broader biodiversity patterns of the Neotropic realm.

Geographic Distribution

The Bolivian Yungas extends across Bolivia and Peru. This geographic range places it within the Neotropic realm, one of the eight major biogeographic divisions of the world.

Notable Species

The Bolivian Yungas supports a range of wildlife, including African jointgrass (Hemarthria altissima), Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Allspice (Pimenta dioica), American carpet grass (Axonopus compressus), Awnless Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa colonum), Awnless Brome (Bromus inermis), axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), and 42 more species. Among these, 2 species are classified as threatened on the IUCN Red List, underscoring the conservation importance of this ecoregion.

Conservation

Like many tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecosystems, the Bolivian Yungas faces threats from deforestation, agricultural expansion, logging, and climate change. Conservation efforts in this ecoregion focus on habitat preservation, sustainable land management, and protecting corridors that connect fragmented habitat patches.