Bishop ray vs Coimbra-Filho’s Titi

Aetobatus narinari compared with Callicebus coimbrai

Key Differences

• Bishop ray is Near Threatened while Coimbra-Filho’s Titi is Endangered.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Bishop ray	Coimbra-Filho’s Titi
Kingdom same	Animalia (प्राणी)	Animalia (प्राणी)
Phylum same	Chordata (रज्जुकी)	Chordata (रज्जुकी)
Class	Elasmobranchii	Mammalia (स्तनधारी)
Order	Myliobatiformes (Myliobatiformes)	Primates (नरवानर गण)
Family	Myliobatidae	Pitheciidae
Genus	Aetobatus	Callicebus
Species	Aetobatus narinari	Callicebus coimbrai

Evolutionary Relationship

Bishop ray and Coimbra-Filho’s Titi share a common ancestor at the Phylum level: Chordata. (रज्जुकी)

Conservation Status

Bishop ray

NT — Near Threatened

Coimbra-Filho’s Titi

EN — Endangered

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Bishop ray	Coimbra-Filho’s Titi
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Bishop ray

Habitat

Native to Asia and South America, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Range

Distributed across Colombia, Taiwan, and Venezuela. Listed as Near Threatened, this species requires ongoing monitoring to prevent population decline.

Coimbra-Filho’s Titi

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Bishop ray

The Bishop ray (Aetobatus narinari) is a species in the genus Aetobatus. It is currently classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. Native to Asia and South America, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Coimbra-Filho’s Titi

The Coimbra-Filho's Titi (Callicebus coimbrai), also known as Coimbra-Filho's Titi Monkey, is a small New World monkey in the family Pitheciidae, named in honour of the Brazilian primatologist Adelmar F. Coimbra-Filho. This titi monkey is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, with its range restricted to the states of Sergipe and southern Alagoas—one of the most critically fragmented and threatened biomes on Earth. Adults are small, with reddish-brown fur on the flanks and upperparts, pale grey on the underparts, and an orange-red forehead band. Like all titi monkeys, Callicebus coimbrai is highly social, living in monogamous family groups of 2–5 individuals that engage in elaborate dawn duets and tail-twining behaviour as expressions of pair bonding. The species inhabits Atlantic Forest fragments, including lowland and highland forest patches, riverine gallery forest, and secondary growth, where it subsists on fruits, seeds, leaves, and occasional invertebrates. The Coimbra-Filho's Titi is classified as Endangered by the IUCN due to its severely fragmented range within one of the world's most deforested biomes, with less than 12% of original Atlantic Forest remaining, ongoing habitat loss from agricultural expansion, and small, isolated population sizes highly vulnerable to stochastic extinction events.