Fragmentation
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<speciesfyi-glossary slug="fragmentation"></speciesfyi-glossary>Definition
The breaking of large, continuous habitats into smaller, isolated patches, reducing species movement and gene flow.
Detailed Explanation
Fragmentation creates island-like habitat patches surrounded by inhospitable matrix — roads, fields, or urban areas. Small patches cannot sustain minimum viable populations, and isolation prevents recolonization after local extinction. Edge effects further reduce effective habitat size, as interior-dependent species cannot use areas near fragment boundaries. Wildlife corridors and habitat restoration are key tools for reversing fragmentation effects.