Extremophile
극한생물
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<speciesfyi-glossary slug="extremophile"></speciesfyi-glossary>Definition
An organism that thrives under extreme environmental conditions such as high temperature, acidity, or pressure.
Detailed Explanation
Extremophile categories include thermophiles (>45°C), hyperthermophiles (>80°C, found in hydrothermal vents), psychrophiles (below 15°C), acidophiles (pH < 3), halophiles (high salt), and barophiles (high pressure). Their enzymes — called extremozymes — function under conditions that would denature normal proteins, making them invaluable in biotechnology. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) relies on Taq polymerase from the thermophile Thermus aquaticus.