Epigenetics
후성유전학
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Definition
The study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alterations to the underlying DNA sequence.
Detailed Explanation
Epigenetic marks — primarily DNA methylation and histone modification — can be influenced by diet, stress, and environmental toxins, and some marks are passed to offspring, allowing non-genetic inheritance of acquired states. Honeybee queens and workers are genetically identical but epigenetically distinct due to royal jelly diet. Epigenetic changes are increasingly recognized as contributors to cancer, aging, and adaptation to rapid environmental change.