Discovery of Transposons
Genetics & Genomics
1948
Featured
Discoverers: Barbara McClintock
Overview
Identification of mobile genetic elements (transposons or 'jumping genes') in maize, showing that segments of DNA can change position within the genome.
Significance
Overturned the static view of chromosomes and revealed a dynamic genome capable of self-reorganisation, influencing evolution and gene regulation.
Methodology
Cytogenetic analysis of colour patterns in maize kernels combined with chromosome breakage-fusion-bridge cycle studies.
Impact
- Revealed genome plasticity
- Explained insertion mutations
- Awarded 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine