Borneo Rainforest Food Web
Terrestrial
Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Southeast Asia — Borneo (Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei)
Description
Borneo's tropical rainforest is one of the oldest on Earth at approximately 140 million years old, supporting extraordinary endemism. Dipterocarp trees dominate the canopy, and mast fruiting events trigger population booms in frugivores. Orangutans serve as key seed dispersers linking canopy fruit production to forest regeneration.
Trophic Pyramid
Level 5
Decomposers
Termites
Tropical fungi
Dung beetles
3 species
Level 4
Tertiary Consumers
Sunda clouded leopard
Saltwater crocodile
2 species
Level 3
Secondary Consumers
Reticulated python
Clouded leopard
Sun bear
3 species
Level 2
Primary Consumers
Orangutan
Proboscis monkey
Rhinoceros hornbill
3 species
Level 1
Producers
Dipterocarp trees
Pitcher plants
Rafflesia
3 species
Apex Predators
Tertiary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Primary Consumers
Producers
Key Interactions
- Orangutans disperse seeds of over 500 plant species through frugivory
- Dipterocarp mast fruiting synchronizes reproduction across the forest
- Pitcher plants trap insects and form mutualistic relationships with shrews
- Clouded leopards hunt primates and small mammals in the canopy