Sahelian Acacia savanna

The Sahelian Acacia savanna is a tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands ecoregion located in the Afrotropic biogeographic realm, covering sub-Saharan Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula, spanning approximately 3.7 million km². Classified under the WWF ecoregion code AT0713, this region represents a distinct ecological community shaped by its unique combination of climate, geography, and evolutionary history.

Climate and Vegetation

This ecoregion experiences warm year-round with seasonal rainfall and a distinct dry period. The dominant vegetation consists of grasses interspersed with scattered trees and shrubs. These conditions create the foundation for the ecological communities found within the Sahelian Acacia savanna.

Ecological Significance

Savannas support some of the most iconic large mammal assemblages on Earth, including herds of grazers and their predators. Fire and herbivory maintain the open grassland structure. The Sahelian Acacia savanna contributes to the broader biodiversity patterns of the Afrotropic realm.

Geographic Distribution

The Sahelian Acacia savanna extends across Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and 6 other countries. This geographic range places it within the Afrotropic realm, one of the eight major biogeographic divisions of the world.

Notable Species

The Sahelian Acacia savanna supports a range of wildlife, including African Blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon), African Elemi (Canarium schweinfurthii), African Oil Bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla), African Pearwood (Baillonella toxisperma), African senna (Senna didymobotrya), African Teak (Milicia excelsa), Akume (Guibourtia tessmannii), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and 42 more species. Among these, 2 species are classified as threatened on the IUCN Red List, underscoring the conservation importance of this ecoregion.

Conservation

Like many tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands ecosystems, the Sahelian Acacia savanna faces threats from overgrazing, agricultural conversion, fire suppression, and desertification. Conservation efforts in this ecoregion focus on habitat preservation, sustainable land management, and protecting corridors that connect fragmented habitat patches.