Chondrocystis dermochroa is a species of cyanobacteria in the family Chroococcaceae, order Chroococcales, associated with freshwater and soil-surface environments in cool temperate regions of Europe, with records from Scandinavia including Norway and Sweden. The genus Chondrocystis comprises colonial, coccoid cyanobacteria forming irregularly shaped or somewhat regular colonies embedded within mucilaginous matrices. These photosynthetic prokaryotes are important primary producers in their habitats, converting carbon dioxide into organic matter and, in many cases, fixing atmospheric nitrogen through specialised cells. Members of Chroococcales are typically found in terrestrial and freshwater environments including rock surfaces, soil crusts, epilithic films, and aquatic sediments. Cyanobacterial mats and crusts play important roles in stabilising soil surfaces, initiating primary succession on bare substrates, and contributing to nutrient cycling. As a prokaryote, C. dermochroa lacks a common English name and is classified as Not Evaluated under IUCN criteria. Taxonomic boundaries within cyanobacterial genera like Chondrocystis are being actively revised using molecular sequence data, and some morphologically-defined species are likely to be synonymised or split as phylogenetic understanding improves. The species' restricted recorded distribution partly reflects sampling bias rather than a genuinely narrow range.